General Surgery

There are many types of general surgery. Some are done in emergency situations, like a burst appendix. Others are planned in advance, like removing gallstones or treating hernias.

Common Types:

• Appendectomy – removing the appendix
• Hernia repair – fixing a weak spot in the belly wall
• Gallbladder surgery – removing a painful or infected gallbladder
• Colon surgery – for conditions like colon cancer or bowel blockage
• Thyroid surgery – treating thyroid nodules or overactive glands
• Breast surgery – removing lumps or treating infections
  
• Trauma surgery – handling injuries from accidents or falls

General surgery involves several steps, starting from preparation to full recovery. Here’s what you can expect.

Surgery Preparation

Before surgery, the doctor will talk to you about the procedure. You’ll be told not to eat or drink for several hours before the operation. The hospital team will check your medical history, allergies, and current medications.

Important Preparation Steps:

• Stop eating or drinking at least 6 hours before
• Inform your doctor about all medicines and allergies
• Wear comfortable clothes
• Arrange someone to take you home

Tests Performed Before Surgery

Doctors perform tests to make sure your body is ready for surgery. These tests help prevent risks and plan the safest way to perform the operation.

Common Tests:

• Blood tests
• ECG (electrocardiogram) to check the heart
• Chest X-ray
• Urine test
• COVID-19 test (if required)

Recovering

After surgery, you’ll be moved to the recovery room. Nurses will monitor your heart, breathing, and how you feel. Depending on the surgery, you might go home the same day or stay overnight.

Tips for a Smooth Recovery:

• Follow your doctor’s instructions
• Take your medicine on time
• Eat healthy and drink water
• Get plenty of rest and avoid heavy lifting

 After Surgery Discomforts

Some discomfort is normal after surgery. You might feel sore, tired, or a little sick from anesthesia. These usually go away in a few days.

Common Discomforts:

• Pain near the cut area
• Drowsiness or dizziness
• Swelling or redness
• Mild constipation

Pain Management

Your doctor will give you medicine to manage pain. Always take it as instructed. Don't wait until the pain gets bad. Pain that doesn’t go away or gets worse should be reported immediately.

Pain Management Tips:

• Take painkillers on schedule
• Use ice packs if advised
• Rest properly
• Let your doctor know if pain is severe

Discharge Planning

Before going home, your doctor or nurse will explain how to care for your wound, take medications, and watch for warning signs. You’ll also be given a follow-up date.

Discharge Checklist:

• Understand your medication schedule
• Know how to keep the wound clean
• Avoid physical activities for a few days

Book your follow-up visit on time

Every person’s experience with general surgery is different, but most people feel better soon after. Surgery might sound scary at first, but doctors and nurses are there to help you through it all.

Expectations:

• Safe and skilled medical care
• Clear instructions from your surgeon
• Mild pain and discomfort after surgery
  
• Full recovery if post-surgery care is followed

Most surgeries go well, but sometimes there can be problems. That’s why it's important to follow instructions and keep in touch with your doctor after the operation.

Possible Complications:

• Infection at the wound site
• Heavy bleeding or blood clots
• Reaction to anesthesia
• Delayed healing or poor wound care
• Internal organ damage (very rare)

• Fever or chills
• Increasing pain or redness
• Pus or unusual discharge from the wound
  
• Trouble breathing or chest pain

General surgery helps people recover from health problems that can’t be treated with medicine alone. It can ease pain, stop infections, and even save lives. Today’s surgeries are safer, faster, and less painful than ever. If your doctor suggests general surgery, don’t worry—ask questions, follow the steps, and trust the experts. You’re in good hands, and the goal is always your full recovery.